You're going to need some test equipment such as a decent DVM, watt meter, and a 50 ohm dummy load - for starters. Then, you are going to learn how to troubleshoot. You will also need to understand how different kinds of components work and reading a schematic.
The most likely cause for no transmit begins at the mic. Is it wired properly? What happens when you key the mic; is the TX light changing? The next most likely culprits are the driver and final transistors failure. This is where troubleshooting comes in. You will need to learn how to test transistors and other components, and diodes. Then everything in between. It is no walk in the park . . .