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Baluns/Ununs

W5LZ

Crotchety Old Bastard
Apr 8, 2005
6,832
911
173
Oklahoma
I'm not real sure where this fits exactly, so putting it here, where they are usually used, seems like good enough.
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Wish this were all my thoughts, it's expressed pretty well. It isn't just my thinking but that of several other people who really do know what they are talking about, 'experts'.
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""By far, most misconceptions regarding baluns are due
to the many radio operators who perceive these devices
as conventional transformers that transmit the energy
from input to output by flux linkages and not as
transmission line transformers, which transmit energy
by an efficient transmission line mode."
(I would change that 'efficient' to 'in-efficient, personally - 'Doc)

"If the writers had accepted the correct model for
these devices (given to us by Guanella and Ruthroff),
which shows that *THEY ARE REALLY CHOKES* (lumped
elements) and configurations of transmission lines
(distributed elements), ..." emphasis mine(author's, not mine - 'Doc).

"In fact, the perception that the transmission line
transformer is actually a conventional transformer
is so prevalent, that a new name for this class of
devices should be considered -
*broad band transmission line matching networks*.
This name (without the word transformer) would help
in dispelling inaccurate perceptions and in
standardizing the schematic diagrams.""

also

"It's real easy to get caught up in the definitions. A transformer transforms
impedance, voltage or current and often isolates but not necessarily. A
choke uses the magnetic field created by the AC current through it to oppose
that current. The wiki points out there are balanced and unbalanced
signals. Webster says balanced and unbalanced lines. Someone posted that
coax is in fact a balanced line. OK that can be oddly true, but it can be
unbalanced by how you connect it. So it can be part application, part
configuration, part common word usage that might not be purely accurate, and
where you are focusing your attention."
-----

Which all goes to say that aside from the application, the definition of a balun or unun can be a 'sticking point' causing controversy. It depends on 'where' the user is coming from, what his understanding is of the nature of the problem that would warrant using this type of device. Which 'box' his thinking is in, sort of. Thinking 'out of the box' is an okay idea, but it merely means stepping out of one 'box' into another 'box'.
Is this an 'ultimate' type way of thinking about bauns/ununs? Nope, but it does shed some light on the whole mess that might help.
- 'Doc


There was also some discussion about using ferrite cores as a way of doing the same thing a baun/unun does. The biggest draw back to that method is weight. The typical number of ferrite cores used isn't enough, they get saturated. So, more is better, generally. Which brings up the size of the supporting structure/device, is it big enough? There's always -something-, ain't there?
 

Maybe you can hep me understand something that I haven't spent much time studying: Probably all of us have had uses for a balun with some system we were putting together. However, I have yet to find a need for an unun. Or maybe I have, and just didn't know it. What, in your experience have you needed to use one for? The only application I've had for one was at the feedpoint on a mobile install to match 40/80 meters. I decided to go with a shunt coil, instead.
 
Mole',
To my knowledge, I don't think I've ever used one, seen one first hand for that matter. You gave a good example with the mobile antenna thingy. Very few of them are really 'balanced'. As far as that goes, lots of ballanced antennas can be turned into unbalanced ones by how they are mounted/placed.
I'm not a huge fan of baluns to start with. Most of whatever I've done has been on the HF bands, and they just aren't all that necessary. Sure, such a balanced/unbalanced match can upset radiation patterns, but that's really the extent in most cases, sort of. There are usually several ways of 'curing' other problems that baluns are used for. In most cases, those 'other' ways work just fine, or have for me anyway. That's just me though! If using a balun helps with a problem, and you want to use one, have at it!
I just thought the quoted text said things pretty clearly, not as confusing as some.
- 'Doc


Oh, in some cases those ununs will provide some 'isolation'. Some cases, not all.
 
I used an un-un,which is really just an impedance transformer, on my inverted L feedpoint. On 80m the impedance was down around 6 ohms and using a 4:1 un-un it raised it to around 25 ohms which resulted in a much better match to the 50 ohm coax. Still a 2:1 but much better than 10:1. Another application would be a 1.5:1 un-un when connecting 50 ohm coax to a good 1/4 wave vertical with lots of radials. The antenna impedance is around 35 ohms but with a 1.5:1 un-un it would be a perfect match to the cable.
 

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