Well....figure of speech... only technically correct at very low frequencies MW etc.
What I mean is point to point (as close to ground as you can get) and not via any atmospheric layers.
Conversely and something to think about...
If there is no ground wave component why does the signal diminish in strength? If it just going through space/air/ether above ground level we should be able to pick it up no problem.
Here is something I quote from a recent conversation with someone:"1000ft the optical line of sight is about 38miles so times that by 1.3 for radio waves because of the slight bending affect of the atmosphere on ground wave signals, say 49.5 miles so two stations each at 1000ft would have a line of sight of nearly 100miles"
Given this why do I regularly speak 100miles from a height of approx 450ft with the RX end being not much higher than myself of lower. Happens every week I am out on this hill virtually, different contacts. My "local" chat is 70miles + with ease.
I spoke to someone with the Gain master 120 miles away one evening this week when the band was very, very dead. I spoke to them twice, an hour in between QSO's at Signal 0 both ways, same audio quality on both QSO's. He was at 240ft ASL (using a mag mount mobile antenna) and I was at 350ft ASL. Technically that should not be possible line of sight, well over the horizon by a factor of 4.
Is it a ground wave component ?