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henry,

from what i have read close spaced wires in nec2 should be several wire diameters apart and a few diameters above ground if used as radials over ground,

i don't know how that effects the model as in the real antenna the space at the lower end of the sleeve is about the diameter of the monopole  in the sigma and less in the vector,


im interested in understanding what barkley claims about thin sleeve elements and taper increasing transmission-line loss by radiation,