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This sounds like it could be a tropospheric duct enhancement to me... I would guess some nights are quite stable and some not up and down. I used to generally speak 70-80 miles to anyone who could hear me on 11m and considered them locals. And yes signals would be up and down on these and longer contacts. This is likely to be tropo. When there were good lifts on 200 - 260 miles was possible... though normally hilltop to hilltop.


My understanding is there is always a secondary reflection interacting with your direct wave either enhancing or attenuating your signal, this is fixed by QTH geography, ground quality in the far field and your antenna system's radiation pattern. I would have thought this was classified a "ground reflection" and not a ground wave... the distinction is ground wave happens at low freqs and ground reflections happen at most HF freqs.


I always considered real ground wave is for pretty low frequencies and not really applicable at 11m.