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While the TOA will be different for vertical antennas, the effects of ground reflections on TOA is just as predictable as they are with horizontal antennas on HF. You'll notice all of your 32 foot models have a TOA within 2 degrees of each other. The small differences are related to the different centers of radiation these antennas have.

If your vertical antenna is placed one wavelength above ground on this band, you can expect a TOA around 9 degrees. If your horizontal antenna is placed at the same height you can expect a TOA around 14 degrees.

[QUOTE="Shockwave, post: 440214, member: 10882"] While the TOA will be different for vertical antennas, the effects of ground reflections on TOA is just as predictable as they are with horizontal antennas on HF. You'll notice all of your 32 foot models have a TOA within 2 degrees of each other. The small differences are related to the different centers of radiation these antennas have. If your vertical antenna is placed one wavelength above ground on this band, you can expect a TOA around 9 degrees. If your horizontal antenna is placed at the same height you can expect a TOA around 14 degrees. [/QUOTE]

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