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Hi Lufer.

To keep it simple I will make a short statement and simple illustration (to understand the technical aspects of your questions answer requires study).

Statement:

All antennas of every type require a counterpoise although it is not immediately recognized as such.

Illustration:

To leap upward you must squat and use your legs to thrust yourself upward against the floor. Simple. Now suspend yourself from above, take the same squatting posture with your legs and thrust them downward. You go nowhere because you have nothing to thrust your legs against.

RF is the same. It needs something against which to "push" or "thrust" itself against in order to project into space. Without this opposing something it will go nowhere just like your leap does not happen without the floor.

For any and all antennas there is an opposing current equally providing the floor against which to "push" or send your signal on it's way. Whether you provide it by a groundplane or not doesn't mean it isn't necessary or that it doesn't find one by some other means.

Knowing all antennas need one introduces the real question -  Where is the counterpoise for this antenna?

Study, and continue to ask questions.