Humming sound.
More than one possible kind of sound you can use that word to describe.
Does the pitch change when moving any of the knobs, or does the pitch of the sound stay the same all the time?
Asking whether the "hum" has a frequency of either 60 Hz or 120 Hz will help to pin down where it's coming from.
60 Hz usually comes from a bad tube or bad ground connection on a tube socket.
120 Hz comes from the full-wave rectifier feeding the high voltage into the tubes. Bad filter capacitors are the most-common cause.
But not necessarily the only one.
When the filter capacitors were changed, were ** ALL ** of them changed, or just the ones that tested bad that day?
Big difference. Too many tube radios arrive here with the description "It had the capacitors replaced".
Uh, by the owner, or by a horse-trader trying to make it work just well enough to unload?
Big difference in cost. The horse trader won't spend a dime to make it work any longer than it takes to sell.
Way too often we see one or more new capacitors simply tied into the circuit, or "scabbed", leaving the failed original part STILL CONNECTED TO THE CIRCUIT!
Fixes the "hum" it had that got him a cheap purchase price.
Doesn't fix the next three of those 40 to 50 year-old electrolytics that will fail the first week or month it goes back into service. Besides, leaving the failed old part in the circuit can lead to another headache if it shorts out inside later on.
We always replace the rectifier that feeds the radio's high-voltage, or "B+". We started doing that after a few radios with ALL NEW electrolytics came back in a week or so with the rectifier broken down. Now it gets upgraded along with the filter capacitors it feeds rectified DC into.
If **EVERY LAST, SINGLE ** electrolytic cap is new, they are probably not the root of the fault. If they are new, the rectifier deserves a look. Not so tough to test.
And if the description "caps were replaced" really means that several factory-original parts are STILL IN the power supply section, expect them to fail. A 120-Hz pitch from your "hum" points to them as the cause.
The word "hum" covers a lot of possible territory. Narrowing down which one of several kinds of "hum" noise you have will be the place to start.
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