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Does feed line length matter?

Marconi

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Oct 23, 2005
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The links below are discussions, in part talking about coax length and the idea for making a feed line invisible. There is a thread below "Make Your Coax Invisible" that got me to thinking, but I'm not suggesting anything about amplifiers.

In the CB world I've heard many suggest the feed line length does not mater, period.

I've also heard folks say the feed line length does not matter, and then adding, if your match is off...re-tune your antenna.

I've also heard many say to make your feed line as short as possible, period.

I read manufactures recommend specific feed line lengths and multiples for their antenna kits.

My old antenna mentor use to tell me to keep the feed line length at random lengths and avoid problems. He also said never make your feed line length a resonant length at your frequency of choice. In my limited understanding I never could determine his reasons for saying this...except for the idea that feed line length did not matter, if the antenna was tuned perfectly to a resistive match and was resonant. Back in those days for me, I never considered CMC an issue I could deal with.

I don't recall ever hearing things demonstrated and described as noted in the link below. I guess only these newer analyzers make such considerations possible for the average operator. This was revealing for me.






 
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Hotrod, I can't answer your question, "...is this right" regarding 3' foot jumpers and the shortest coax idea we hear claimed a lot. This guy gives us a formula to follow for the right coax length in the situation he presents, but he is talking about 160 meters maybe, very low frequencies at least.

This is not about CB antennas, but the ideas demonstrated may be informative when we hear folks making claims and talking generally about using such devices for better control of your match and/or minimizing CMC's whether CB or Ham.

Apparently this is more about working most of the HF bands without using a tuner, so you don't have to go changing your setups.
 
Have you watched the video 543-dallas posted in that thread? Its been a while since I watched it myself, but did he not cover any of your questions?


The DB
 
The links below are discussions, in part talking about coax length and the idea for making a feed line invisible. There is a thread below "Make Your Coax Invisible" that got me to thinking, but I'm not suggesting anything about amplifiers.

In the CB world I've heard many suggest the feed line length does not mater, period.

It does not matter on any radio service as long as the antenna is properly matched to the feedline.

I've also heard folks say the feed line length does not matter, and then adding, if your match is off...re-tune your antenna.

Exactly right. The feedline length does not matter. If the match is off the antenna needs to be re-tuned and/or matched properly.

I've also heard many say to make your feed line as short as possible, period.

Again all true but only because you want to keep losses as low as possible. Why waste watts in an extra 50 feet of unnecessary cable?

I read manufactures recommend specific feed line lengths and multiples for their antenna kits.

Some of those antenna have common mode current issues or are poorly designed with no current return path and rely on the coax cable to function as part of the antenna. Poor design basically.

My old antenna mentor use to tell me to keep the feed line length at random lengths and avoid problems. He also said never make your feed line length a resonant length at your frequency of choice. In my limited understanding I never could determine his reasons for saying this...except for the idea that feed line length did not matter, if the antenna was tuned perfectly to a resistive match and was resonant. Back in those days for me, I never considered CMC an issue I could deal with.

I don't recall ever hearing things demonstrated and described as noted in the link below. I guess only these newer analyzers make such considerations possible for the average operator. This was revealing for me.
[/quote]
 
In my everyday experiences, Whether co-phased setups for "dual whips" on a semi, or a simple re-tune of an older Antenna Specialists (remember the Zebra?).In these cases - any of them with the "smashed coax" or kinked and then twisted line - usually means replacement of the WHOLE line and it's exact length. Not just a barrel connector here or there like patchwork - there is a considerable amount of loss per connection "joint" - even pre-molded co-phasing harnesses are the better replacement for the older OEM stuff - its' a pain to route but the results are more OEM than to try and fix with additional patching cords or lengths.

I've seen trucks come into the lot with their co-phase harnesses chopped and clamped into two PL-259s' onto a Tee fitting and then onto a length of coax to reach the radio...yes, it does affect the radios' ability to see a true SWR.

One thing they forget ...

You can see that on a simple field strength meter.

You can see the losses - then the replacement coax and it's (considerable) field strength difference and the restored receive.

How about SWR? Well that may be a different story...

I guess to answer the question properly is - how much of a loss are you willing to take in a performance hit in order to meet the radios' own desire to run at a 1:1 SWR versus a 1:1.7 SWR?

So, to provide an answer, you'll need to know what kind of beast you're dealing with, Greed, Envy or just plain Bastard - types. Each has it's own personality and working set of values. Knowing that the Wilson, or the AS or even the R/S types that have a matching network on the base of the coil - the coax you'll need to use to make it work is the only way to restore that antennas original performance - by length and types ( RG-58 or RG-8x - as examples) dues to the nature of the radiational parameters of the beast itself.

Some "loaded" whips are for the 1/4 wave into a stubby shorter design, others are 1/2 wave into a coax length for balun matching and you get that kind of radiator pattern - onto the 5/8th Wavelength and it's own headaches for matching into an acceptable SWR back at the other end. - did I forget to mention location?

Location - Location - Location...

Hey come'on guys, did you ever read a Book written by a guy a long time ago that called himself "Luke"?

The Audience Responds...
"You mean This...?"
CoolHandLuke.jpg
---A Feminine SIGH is heard......

NO! NO! NO!

I mean this Luke, located in this book....
HolyBible.jpg
It comes in several different translations
- should be one for your own Alma Mater - of your Dura Mater...
Luke8-16.jpg
Where you mount your antenna is just as important as the antenna type and your radio - are you using a Cobra 19+ to get thru the commute? Or are you into shooting skip and wondering what he looks' like...

You can be good with your setup and just run a low SWR, but disregarding location, with that comes some of what's been discussed here already, Common Mode Currents - you get more (in problems) and produce less (in signal) - if you don't follow what the good book sez...

This one is more helpful and contains more information that pertains to the topics at hand...
ARRLHandbook.jpg
Common Mode
Counterpoise...
Stuff like that...
It's in there...
Because of you don't pay attention to details - you can get hurt...

Things like RF burns, Lightning and the Girl Next door...

Even this...
OOPS.jpg
Because you ignored her pleas; asking for help, to stop the noise she would hear on her radio she listens to at night, that's by her bed.

So did her Mom...she did make a plea or two..to the Police...

So you know now, what may happen...if you don't pay attention to LOCATION, for all the effort you do to make the match a 1:1 or provide the lowest SWR and you find yourself with tons of coax acting as patch-cords to make your Hi-Po-Galaxy Radio of a Miracle ...
MarvinTheMartian.jpg
(Sorry, couldn't Resist...)

More of a pain and tripping hazard than it's worth...

So when it all boils down - you arrive to the Antenna - it's own needs, to provide a low-SWR onto the other issues of it's location and the length of coax you need to run in order to connect to it...

So some books describe a "balun" while others say, you install this antenna and leave it's coax alone - what are they getting at?

Balundefinition.jpg

It means that if you use the antenna (Whip, Mount and its Coax cable) - keep it together AS A SYSTEM - and add your proper coax "patch cord" if needed to make it to the radios location - DO NOT REMOVE OR CUT OFF COAX that system uses - else you'll be back at square one.

  • Can't do that? Well, we're Sorry to hear about all that - then get another type of brand of antenna then. Why? Because you simply cannot remove the coax on these types of ANTENNA SYSTEMS - they use that "cable" as coax and as a BALUN - your radio will see a 1:1 SWR or it's lowest SWR at that PL-259 connector - ok? It's that simple. IT may sound cheap - or copycat - or poorly designed - you decide that phrase - but you still have an Antenna System that will use -REQUIRE- the SPECIFIC length of coax it uses, to match the load and whip to work right as in - low SWR, not necessarily Field Strength...

Well, once you have an antenna (we are talking SYSTEMS' here) that uses that kind of setup - antenna (being it's whip and mounting with it's own internal loading and matching - key words here) the coax it uses per instructions from the manual of the antenna and your radio. MEANING: - if the end of that coax shows a 1:1 SWR where you've mounted that antenna and you find it's acceptable in performance - run accordingly.

But if it doesn't, or you can't, then you shouldn't use that antenna (it's construction - not it's type) and you'll have to find other ways, brands and/or locations (did I mention location?) will have to be tried in order to obtain what you want in performance. Anything less you run the risks of performance hits - see above...
 
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It does not matter on any radio service as long as the antenna is properly matched to the feedline.

Exactly right. The feedline length does not matter. If the match is off the antenna needs to be re-tuned and/or matched properly.

Again all true but only because you want to keep losses as low as possible. Why waste watts in an extra 50 feet of unnecessary cable?

Some of those antenna have common mode current issues or are poorly designed with no current return path and rely on the coax cable to function as part of the antenna. Poor design basically.

"So let it be written, so let it be done!"
The shortest is the best to eliminate receive loss of weak signals.


Andy.....Geezus!
 
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Consider that I'm only talking here about the video, "Building An Inverted V Dipole," starting at about 8 minutes to about 10 minutes.

Here we see Kevin N6VLF talking about the math = L' needed when adding the feed line for this simulated Inverted V at 3.9 MHz with a near perfect match. His math shows the feed line length needs to be 83' feet with a 0.66 VF, or multiples of this length in order to be transparent or invisible as he notes.

Is Kevin's math right and does the feed line length matter in this purposed setup, or is this just more BS?
 
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Have you watched the video 543-dallas posted in that thread? Its been a while since I watched it myself, but did he not cover any of your questions?

Seems I saw it long ago. I saw the link to the video in another thread, but I don't recall anybody discussing any meaningful details so I just read on. I don't think I made any comments in that thread.

The video was interesting with the lights at different intensities going on at various feed line points. Base on my work in modeling I had a very vague idea of what could be going on with the light along the FL. Frankly, I didn't get much out of the demonstration or the talk.

DB, I wish I knew more, so what specifically do you think I missed?
 
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For what it's worth, here are 2 Eznec models in Free Space modeled similar to the Inverted V discussed in the video. Included in the images are the Transmission Line modeling details and the Source Data - Feed Point information.

1. is a model of the IV at 3.9MHz with a feed line 83' foot long with a VF = 0.66% as noted in the video referred to above.

2. is the same antenna as #1 above, but it has a 50' foot feed line with a VF = 0.66% as is also noted in the video.

Sorry for the poor images of the Wires and Transmission Line reports. The PDF file will allow you to zoom in closer for a better view.

DB, this is a pretty simple model to make, why don't you do it and see what you get when adding different lengths of feed line. I may have missed something important to understand.
 

Attachments

  • Inverted V H 3.9MHz FL83' 0.66VF FS.pdf
    1.5 MB · Views: 10
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Consider that I'm only talking here about the video, "Building An Inverted Dipole," starting at about 8 minutes to about 10 minutes.

Here we see Kevin N6VLF talking about the math = L' needed when adding the feed line for this simulated Inverted V at 3.9 MHz with a near perfect match. His math shows the feed line length needs to be 83' feet with a 0.66 VF, or multiples of this length in order to be transparent or invisible as he notes.

Is Kevin's math right and does the feed line length matter in this purposed setup, or is this just more BS?

Didn't see the video so just answering your question based on what you said. Yes his math is correct. A half wave at 80m is approximately 126 feet. An ELECTRICAL half wavelength of coax cable with a Vf of 66% is about 83 feet and since a half wave of coax will simply repeat the impedance the antenna exhibits back to the TX the coax appears "transparent" as far as impedance transformation is concerned. Certain lengths of coax can be used as a conjugate match to match two unequal impedances and is required in SPECIAL cases but never in normal everday one-antenna systems. I use a power divider consisting of a half wavelength of 35 ohm impedance feedline to match a pair of 50 ohm yagis phased on 2m to feed a long length of 50 ohm feedline to the shack. You can either use two parallel lengths of 75 ohm cable or a single piece of 35 ohm cable if you can find it. I made it from a piece of half inch copper pipe and a piece of square aluminum tubing of the proper size so that the resulting impedance was about 35 ohms. the ONLY time coax needs to be a special length is when using it transform impedances and NEVER when using a single antenna. In that case the single antenna should be corrected to a nominal 50 ohms.
 
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I was the one who posted it before. It is a very thorough video. While it has also been a while since I've seen it as well, I was wondering if your question wasn't answered within?

Earlier I had the feeling I had seen the video on "standing up for standing waves" but I seemed to recall it was done by some other man. I did a search for it, but nothing showed up for me. I did see some video link you posted from AT & T on coax however.
 
Marconi, you raise a (several actually) good point(s) here...

. There is a thread below "Make Your Coax Invisible" that got me to thinking, but I'm not suggesting anything about amplifiers.

In the CB world I've heard many suggest the feed line length does not mater, period.

Which is this was the most ideal goal - which all should strive for - the connect tune and use approach is the least lossy and most IDEALISTIC goal one could obtain...

I've also heard folks say the feed line length does not matter, and then adding, if your match is off...re-tune your antenna.

Again, a wise choice for anyone - but the word here is Feed-Line not coax...and also is the antennas own "appearance" and what it sees, at the location, and position - it is in. Feed point Impedance ...

I've also heard many say to make your feed line as short as possible, period.

This again, to re-iterate what the firstly boldly quoted phrase says, is the most efficient when you can provide for the antenna and counterpoise - but then to apply this properly, that is; if you can make the antenna not only exhibit the PROPER Impedance and use the proper coax that meets that impedance - then the issues of RESONANCE is the only thing that you - the operator, need to focus on.

I read manufactures recommend specific feed line lengths and multiples for their antenna kits.

Do you see it yet?

There is the "Urban Myth and Legend" about "How coax length does matter"...

In just the 4 statements you posted, and the 3-YT's of many more, there is the gauntlet of ways one could describe how a budding Radio enthusiast gets his desires and willingness to help - Get Shot down in flames only to burn in hell ...

  • Read the responses

With that being said, why would anyone - Social Media or otherwise, even want to discuss this?

Because there is confusion amongst the rank and file about what coax and feed line and the antenna and it's feedpoint impedance - these two aspects; coax and the antenna - at their connection point - as well as the how the cable from your radio "sees" what's is there, way back at the SWR meter - their interaction - is in some eyes, a miracle - while to others - a curse..

So the 4 main views of what is being said, I can see how people become confused by the 4 choices - (amongst the many) that are not really choices, but are descriptions of visual and physical results achieved by those that see the events you're talking about, from their perspective and apply the best explanation possible.

One type of antenna can use Ladder-line or simple 300-ohm lead in wire from an older TV antenna and with some patchwork quilting of coax - used as a balun - a little measurement, trim and setting...
Whammo.jpg

Whammo - instant Antenna that is suitable for yard and clothes hanging and with some ingenuity - your name can be strung in cursive so that even satellites can view your house and if your Hi-po Miracle is radiating RF - the heating losses can be detected and the Local-TV stations' Weatherman,using the latest infra-Red satellite views, knows (shows) you're there!

Another example of the Opposite argument is to use an antenna designed - measured - built - to be made RESONATE and it's your responsibility to make a matching network (sound familiar - SEE: Balun) and hook it up.

  • Between the two - I see a carborundrum - Bandwidth. You mentioned the need for long-wire antennas (160M?) that may or may-not be resonate - but you did post this in a CB Radio Forum...

Again - some type of matching is needed - let alone resonance - but again, if Feedpoint impedance was equal - then the operator only has to hook up the coax and become an instant smash hit of The-Man-Behind-The-Microphone - substitute Maniac for Man as needed...again, ones' idealistic goal...

I'm saving this for last because it's said to many - too many times - and yet remains one of the many reasons why random length is more of a moniker for - Use What Works For You...

I'm saving the best for last because it sums up nicely....

My old antenna mentor use to tell me to keep the feed line length at random lengths and avoid problems. He also said never make your feed line length a resonant length at your frequency of choice. In my limited understanding I never could determine his reasons for saying this...except for the idea that feed line length did not matter, if the antenna was tuned perfectly to a resistive match and was resonant. Back in those days for me, I never considered CMC an issue I could deal with.

Now the above raises even more questions let alone the establishment of a good - balance of common sense along with considerations of others in the local proximity of the radiator. So to handle CMC - as well as radiation resistance issues, that can jump ship and recouple back to a feedline, or coax - means we have more to do, to make the radiator more efficient, not just "better".

That's where the places like Tandy, Barjan, Wilson and Your Local Truck-Stop - to name a few, make efforts to manufacture radiators, coax and antenna mounting hardware to accommodate the environment these devices will be used in,. To make matching problems appear as a congruous variable that can be overcome to a certain degree if the operator is willing to accept lost efficiency and less effective radiation pattern in order to provide a low or more-tolerable SWR - meaning that they provide a radiator that is less-efficient, smaller size, manageable for ease-of-mounting to many locations (mostly Ferrous) - that has less radiation resistance - on top of greater losses in the matching network (or winds) and then (on top of) to use a coax that is 50-ohms.

But where it's connected at, in the base/mount of the antenna - REQUIRES the use of a SPECIFIC Length of coax, the Balun principle, is why these makers say do not trim off the coax. Because it is required for Low - SWR - See Owners Manual.

Taking a deep breath, because were not done yet!

From that - comes the issue of tuning the Radiator (aka Whip) to make the feedpoint where the coax is connected to on the mount, at the antennas location - altering it's feedpoint impedance to a range of tuning the Balun - aka COAX is more closely matching the 50 ohm impedance at the opposite end to the radio - and see a low SWR - it's not necessarily RESONANCE.

Again, looking at is from the perspective of the designs the antennas are - makes them less efficient radiators but more efficient in overcoming the environmental variables of comfortably using the radio with the coax (yes I said it) as a means of a Balun for the antenna SYSTEM.

We have considerable ohmic losses when it comes to the efficiency of said CB antenna systems.

I hope this clarifies my take on this subject...
 
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Andy, thanks for giving us your opinions.

Again, I started this thread by saying I checked out another thread about a Donkey Stomper Amplifier, also here in the CB Antenna section.

I had no intentions of posting my ideas in the Ham Antenna section. I posted the 80 meter models because I wasn't sure the point I was trying to make would be as obvious in the CB band for whatever reasons...I did not know.

There is a lot more in the videos than this issue I tried to raise here. I have questions there as well.

I was reminded of this old argument about changing coaxial feed line length vs. SWR at the radio. So, I went looking for ham discussions on YouTube to see if maybe they'er were such discussions there. Knowing this is a hot debate topic I was hesitant to post the videos. I also model the ideas in the 3 or 4 minute section from one of the videos and was surprised that my model showed exactly what I saw presented by Kevin.

The one thing I don't know is whether this antenna will respond in the real world just like the video and my model shows...just based on the understanding of the details I got from the video.

I heard Kevin say that when using the 50' feed line the match was in the weeds and was virtually unmanageable, except by possibly using a tuner. He further said re-tuning the wire length would likely prove problematic. He also said the feed line at 50' was too short for this antenna. He was showing us his ideas and details on the blackboard, and giving us his words, but he also said he actually did the work in the real world to support his findings.

Andy or anybody else, can you tell us whether what was shown in this video was accurate, true or not?

Andy, have you ever tested the idea for changing the feed line or jumper length to get a better match at your radio?
 
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