And to further complicate matters we have a misuse of terms thrown in for good measure. there is no ground wave present above about 3 MHz so therefore ground wave contacts are not possible on 11m. All to many people refer to non-skywave propagation as ground wave. It is not. It is direct wave propagation. Ground wave propagation only exists below about 3 MHz as mentioned. Just figured since we're splitting hairs here we may as well split all of them.