308 & 30/06 same cal. 30/06 will travel farther with load. But 308 is consistent.
The 308 does a really good job at doing what it was made to do...packing 30-06 potential into a shorter case/ shorter action. The practical differences between the two are minuscule. Indeed, the ‘06 can handle a bit heavier bullets, and ammo availability goes to the 308. If you’re a hunter and buying commercial loads, or loading your own, that becomes a wash once the brass is obtained. I personally think claims about accuracy had more to do with period guns than any inherit trait of either cartridge. Both cartridges in the same modern bolt-action receiver, with equal efforts, I doubt many would find a difference.
It wasn’t that long ago that 1 moa was a dream for most....but a typical expectation now.